4.7.8. Appendix

4.7.8.1. BeamDyn Input Files

In this appendix we describe the BeamDyn input-file structure and provide examples for the NREL 5MW Reference Wind Turbine.

OpenFAST+BeamDyn and stand-alone BeamDyn (static and dynamic) simulations all require two files:

1) BeamDyn primary input file (NREL 5MW static example): This file includes information on the numerical-solution parameters (e.g., numerical damping, quadrature rules), and the geometric definition of the beam reference line via “members” and “key points”. This file also specifies the “blade input file.”

  1. BeamDyn blade input file (NREL 5MW example): This file specifies the blade sectional properties at various stations along the blade. The file includes stiffness and mass matrices at each station, as well as damping parameters. Note that the example file uses stiffness-proportional damping (damp_flag = 1). For modal damping (damp_flag = 2), the n_modes parameter should be set to a non-zero value and followed by the corresponding modal damping ratios (zeta values) represented as the fraction of critical damping.

Stand-alone BeamDyn simulation also require a driver input file; we list here examples for static and dynamic simulations:

3a) BeamDyn driver for dynamic simulations (NREL 5MW example): This file specifies the inputs for a single blade (e.g., forces, orientations, root velocity) and specifies the BeamDyn primary input file.

3b) BeamDyn driver for static simulations (NREL 5MW example): Same as above but for static analysis.

4.7.8.2. BeamDyn List of Output Channels

This is a list of all possible output parameters for the BeamDyn module. The names are grouped by meaning, but can be ordered in the OUTPUTS section of the BeamDyn primary input file as the user sees fit. N\(\beta\), refers to output node \(\beta\), where \(\beta\) is a number in the range [1,9], corresponding to entry \(\beta\) in the OutNd list. When coupled to FAST, “\(B\alpha\)” is prefixed to each output name, where \(\alpha\) is a number in the range [1,3], corresponding to the blade number. The outputs are expressed in one of the following three coordinate systems:

  • r: a floating reference coordinate system fixed to the root of the moving beam; when coupled to FAST for blades, this is equivalent to the IEC blade (b) coordinate system.

  • l: a floating coordinate system local to the deflected beam.

  • g: the global inertial frame coordinate system; when coupled to FAST, this is equivalent to FAST’s global inertial frame (i) coordinate system.

../../../_images/bd_output_channel.png

Fig. 4.36 BeamDyn Output Channel List

Note

New Output Channels (v5.0 and later):

BeamDyn now includes additional output channels for applied loads mapped to the root node. These channels provide the total applied loads (both distributed and point loads) resolved at the root of the blade, expressed in both the root coordinate system (r) and global inertial frame (g):

  • RootAppliedFxr, RootAppliedFyr, RootAppliedFzr: Applied force components in r-frame

  • RootAppliedMxr, RootAppliedMyr, RootAppliedMzr: Applied moment components in r-frame

  • RootAppliedFxg, RootAppliedFyg, RootAppliedFzg: Applied force components in g-frame

  • RootAppliedMxg, RootAppliedMyg, RootAppliedMzg: Applied moment components in g-frame

These outputs are useful for understanding the total aerodynamic and other external loads acting on the blade, particularly when diagnosing load imbalances or validating force distributions.